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Professional Resources

ATAP's Professional Resources provide members with access to a curated collection of publicly available materials related to threat assessment, threat management, targeted violence prevention, and associated disciplines. While not intended to be exhaustive, these resources are selected to support continued learning and professional development.

Members are encouraged to explore emerging research, best practices, and practical guidance from a variety of credible sources. Questions, comments, and recommendations for additional resources are always welcome.

CTM Body of Knowledge
RAGE-V
Making Prevention a Reality: Identifying, Assessing, and Managing the Threat of Targeted Attacks — FBI
National Threat Evaluation and Reporting Office | Homeland Security (dhs.gov)
United States Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center Program and Publications
DHS Bomb Threat Checklist | SchoolSafety.gov
Home | Homeland Security (dhs.gov)
Preventing Mass Attacks, Saving Lives | RAND Mass Attacks Defense Kit Funded by the National Institute of Justice
Threat Assessment and Management Teams | Homeland Security (dhs.gov)
FBI: Active Shooter Incidents in the United States in 2021
Mass Attacks in Public Spaces
Vicarious Trauma toolkit(various resources). OVC.
National Threat Evaluation and Reporting Office (NTER)(various resources). DHS.
The Mass Shooter Database. The Violence Project.
A Guide to Mass Shootings in America (database and resources) Mother Jones.
Mass Shooterism and the Need for Online Interventions and Bystander Resources. Moonshot. 2022.
National Threat Evaluation and Reporting Office. Behavioral Threat Assessment Integration. Master Trainer Program. DHS.
Preventing Attacks Using Targeted Violence Manifestos. Kupper, J. 2022.
Mass Attacks in Public Spaces: 2016 - 2020. USSS/NTAC. 2023.
From Democratic Resistance to Hostility against a “Covid-Regime” – Conspiracy Theories as Cross-Milieu Catalysts of Radicalization. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2023.
Criminal or Terrorist? Fear, Bias, and Public Support for Prisoner Reentry Programs. Altier, M.B.. 2021.
Offline and Online Gender-Based Violence: Extremism Risk Assessment Tools and the Rise of the Incel Rebellion. GNET. 2023.
Anticipatory concerns about violence within social networks: Prevalence and implications for prevention. Aubel et al.2023.
A Study of the Pre-Attack Behaviors of Active Shooters in the United States Between 2000 – 2013. FBI. 2018. Threat Assessment and Threat Management (TATM) Toolboxes: 1) A Model Critical to Terrorism Prevention 2) Multidisciplinary Teams , and
Assessment and Management . NCTC. 2023.
The Contagion of Mass Shootings: The Interdependence of Large-Scale Massacres and Mass Media Coverage . Fox et al. 2021.
Prevention Resources Finder. DHS. 2023.
Threat Assessment and Threat Management (multiple resources). JCAT. 2023.
Active Shooter Incidents in the United States in 2022. FBI. 2023.
Hate on Display™ Hate Symbols Database. ADL.
PIRUS: Comparing Violent and Non-Violent Offenders. START. 2023.
Using Behavioral Indicators to Help Detect Potential Violent Acts . RAND. 2013.
Establishing Best Practices for Threat Assessment Measurement and Models - multiple resources
Five Things About Community-Based Terrorism Prevention Programs. NIJ. 2023.
Five Things About Protecting Against Mass Attacks. NIJ. 2023.
A Directory of Threat Assessment Models. Seaward, A. et al. 2024.
The National Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) Resource Center. John Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions. 2023
Lessons Learned on the Methodological Challenges in Studying Rare Violent Incidents. Lopez, B. et al. NIJ. 2024.
Prevent Mass Violence Infographic and One-pager. FBI
Technology-Facilitated Violence. DOJ. 2024.
The Value of Threat Assessment Teams. NIJ. 2019
Harming Animals and Massacring Humans: Characteristics of Public Mass and Active Shooters Who Abuse Animals. Arluke, A. et al. 2018.
Enhancing Behavioral Threat Assessment and Case Management Capabilities. DHS.2024.

Threat Assessment and Reporting | SchoolSafety.gov
Enhancing School Safety Using a Threat Assessment Model | CISA
State of School Safety Report
BJS: Report on Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2021
Student Perceptions of School Resource Officers and Threat Reporting
NIJ: The Causes and Consequences of School Violence: A Review
COPS: Averted School Violence Special Report
Marjory Stone Douglas HS Public Safety Commission Report
Behavior Threat Assessment and Management (BTAM) Best Practice Considerations for K–12 Schools. NASP 2020.
Resolution on Policing in Schools. NASP. 2022
Upholding Student Civil Rights and Preventing
Disproportionality in Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management (BTAM). NASP. 2021.
Violence Prevention Plan. UIC. 2022.
K-12 School Shooting Database . 2018-Current.
Averting Targeted School Violence. USSS. 2021.
School Resource Officers: Averted School Violence Special Report. COPS. 2020.
Campus Threat Assessment Case Studies. COPS. 2020.
Averted School Violence Database.
Training for School Personnel to Prevent, Prepare, and Respond to School Safety Incidents. National Institute Of Justice. 2022.
Improving School Safety Through Bystander Reporting. CISA/U.S.S.S. 2023.
Behavioral Threat Assessment Units: A Guide for State and Local Law Enforcement to Prevent Targeted Violence. U.S. Secret Service, National Threat Assessment Center. 2024.
K-12 School Security Guide Companion for School-Based Law Enforcement and School Resource Officers. CISA, 2024.
Not so Random Acts of Violence: Shared Social–Ecological Features of Violence Against Women and School Shootings. Johnson, N. L., et al. 2024.
Public Safety and Violence Prevention | Homeland Security. DHS, 2024.
Rising Threats to Public Officials: A Review of 10 Years of Federal Data. Simi, P. et al. 2024.
Improving School Safety Through Bystander Reporting: A Toolkit for Strengthening K-12 Reporting Programs. CISA & USSS. 2023.
Active Shooter Response: Can a Comprehensive Approach Address the Existing Gaps? Mejia, C. 2023.

After Action Review | International Association of Chiefs of Police (theiacp.org)
Ventura County Office of the District Attorney Report on the Borderline Bar & Grill Mass Shooting Incident
Investigative Report on the August 4, 2019 Attack in Dayton, Ohio
FBI Key Findings of the Behavioral Analysis Unit’s Las Vegas Review Panel. FBI. 2019.
Investigative Report on the Role of Online Platforms in the Buffalo Shooting. Office of the New York State Attorney General. 2022.
The Bratislava Attacks: Insights from the Shooter’s Manifesto. GNET. 2022.
Managing High-Risk Adolescents in Community Contexts: A Case Study of the Averted Paw Paw High School and South Haven Pier Shooting in Michigan. National Policing Institute. 2022.
Online Radicalization Case Study of a Mass Shooting: the [Buffalo Shooter] Manifesto. Benton. 2023.
After Action Review | Lewiston Active Shooter Tragedy. Main State Police. 2024.
Critical Incident Review of the Response to the Mass Shooting at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas. DOJ. 2024.
NIJ Special Report: Public Mass Shootings Research. NIJ. 2023.
Covenant School Mass Murder Investigative Case Summary. Metro Nashville Police Department. 2025.

Countering Disinformation in the U.S
FBI: Strategic Intelligence Assessment and Data on Domestic Terrorism
2021 U.S. Violent Extremist Mobilization Indicators
Extreme Dialogue: Former Conspiracist Shares Story to Help Others Understand the Realities of Extremism. ISD. 2022.
Knowledge Management Across The Four Counter-Terrorism ‘Ps’ (Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare) - multiple resources. CREST. 2020.
The Internet and radicalisation pathways: technological advances, relevance of mental health and role of attackers. HM Prison & Probation Service (UK). 2022.
Perspectives on Terrorism: Special Issue on Anti-Government Extremism (multiple resources). Terrorism Research Initiative. 2022.
The Relationship Between Mental Health Problems And Terrorism. CREST. 2020.
COVID-19, Violent Extremism and Anti-Government Movements. RAN Practitioners. 2022.
The Radicalization, Rehabilitation, Reintegration, and Recidivism Network (4R Network). (multiple resources).
The Incelosphere: Exposing Pathways Into Incel Communities and the Harms They Pose to Women and Children. CCDH. 2022.
Levels of Well-Being Among Men Who Are Incels. Costello et al. 2022.
Domestic Radicalization and Deradicalization: Insights from Family and Friends. NIJ. 2022.
Tackling Online Terrorist Content Together: Cooperation between Counterterrorism Law Enforcement and Technology Companies. GNET. 2023.
Caught Between "Deradicalization" and "Disengagement:" Clarifying Terms in the Discourse of Terrorism. Inquiries Journal. Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities. 2013.
Introductory Guide To Understanding Misogyny And The Far-Right CREST. 2023.
Radicalization and Deradicalization: Processes and Contexts - 10 articles. Frontiers. 2021-2022
Capitol Attack: Federal Agencies Identified Some Threats, but Did Not Fully Process and Share Information Prior to January 6, 2021. GAO.2023.
Profiles of Individual Radicalization in the United States (PIRUS). START. 2023. Domestic Terrorism: Further Actions Needed to Strengthen FBI and DHS Collaboration to Counter Threats. GAO. 2023.
Defining Terrorism. Schmid via ICCT. 2023.
Composite Violent Extremism: A Radicalization Pattern Reshaping Terrorism. Gartenstein-Ross & Plant. 2023.
Lethal Words: An Integrated Model of Violent Extremists’ Language. Boyd et al. 2023
The 2019 Christchurch Terror Attack: An Assessment of Proximal Warning Behaviors. Gaetano, I. et al. 2024.
Application of the Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol (TRAP-18) to the Case of the Army-Navy Recruiting Center Attacker in Little Rock, AK. Tassin, C., et al. 2002.
Five Things About the Role of the Internet and Social Media in Domestic Radicalization. NIJ. 2023.
2023 Year In Review. FBI. 2024.
Imagined Extremist Communities: The Paradox of the Community-Driven Lone-Actor Terrorist. Perspectives on Terrorism. Sandboe, I. S., et al. 2023.
Why Individuals and Communities Do Not Turn to Violent Extremism. Perspectives on Terrorism. Powers, C. et al. 2023.
Domestic Radicalization and Violent Extremism. NIJ. 2024.
TCAP Insights: Patterns of Online Terrorist Exploitation. Tech Against Terrorism. 2023.
Key Dilemmas in the Prevention of Radicalization and Violent Extremism. Lösel, F., et al. 2021.
How Do People Radicalize? Sabic-El-Rayess, A. 2021.
Can the United States Deter Threats From Uncertain Origins? Egel, D. 2023.
European Union Terrorism Situation and Trend report 2023 (TE-SAT). Europol. 2023.
Femcel Discussions of Sex, Frustration, Power, and Revenge. Evans, H.R., et al. 2024
Incel Violence and the Incelosphere: Understanding Cycles of Online and Offline Hate. McCullough, K.E. et al. 2024.

Roadmap To The Ideal Crisis System: Essential Elements, Measurable Standards and Best Practices for Behavioral Health Crisis Response
Every Single Cognitive Bias in One Infographic
Cognitive Biases and Brain Biology Help Explain Why Facts Don’t Change Minds. Neuroscience News. 2022.
A Study of Bias in the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Police Department’s Threat Assessment Process. NPI. 2022.
Self-reported psychiatric disorder and perceived psychological symptom rates among involuntary celibates (incels) and their perceptions of mental health treatment. Speckhard & Ellenberg. 2022.
The 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (formerly known as the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline)
Vicarious Trauma via the Observation of Extremist Atrocities: A Rapid Evidence Assessment. NCITE. 2023.
Lessons Learned from Mental Health and Education: Identifying Best Practices for Addressing Violent Extremism. START. 2015.
Exploring the Nature and Prevalence of Targeted Violence Perpetrated by Persons Found not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder. Almond et al. 2023.
Is Mental Health Still Misconstrued on Screen? Psychology Goes to Hollywood to Dispel Stigma. Medaris, A. 2024.
Aggression Disorders are Serious, Stigmatized and Treatable. Scientific American. Marsh. 2024.
Empathy and Compassion. Singer, T. & Klimecki, O. 2014.
If a Patient Commits Homicide. Royal College of Psychiatrists. 2024.
Bullshit Blind Spots: The Roles of Miscalibration and Information Processing in Bullshit Detection: Thinking & Reasoning. Littrell & Fugelsang, 2023.
Evolution, Stress, and Sensitive Periods: The Influence of Unpredictability in Early Versus Late Childhood on Sex and Risky Behavior. Simpson, J. et al. 2012.
The Sound of Silence: The Importance of Bystander Support for Confronters in the Prevention of Norm Erosion. Tirion, A. et al. 2023.
Psychiatric Medications and School Shootings. Langman, P. 2016.
Has the Role of Mental Health Problems in Mass Shootings Been Significantly Underestimated?. Lankford, A., & Cowan, R. 2020.
Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace. Society for Personality and Social Psychology. 2021.
Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2023
A Meta-Analytic Review of Anger Management Activities That Increase or Decrease Arousal: What Fuels or Douses Rage?. Kjaervik, S. & Bushman, B. 2024
Sexually Frustrated Mass Shooters: A Study of Perpetrators, Profiles, Behaviors, and Victims. Lankford, A. et al. 2022.
Lessons of the Boom: A Playbook for Crisis Centers to Prevent, Survive, and Respond to Active Assailants, Targeted Violence, and Mass Violence. Rozel, J. & Soliman, L. 2024.
A Moving Target: Firearm Deaths, Mental Health, and the Role of Physicians. Soliman et al. 2024.

Active Shooter Planning and Response in a Healthcare Setting. FBI. 2017.
Cybersecurity and Hospitals: A Board Perspective. AHA. 2017.
Cybersecurity and Hospitals: Four Questions Every Hospital Leader Should Ask in Order to Prepare for and Manage Cybersecurity Risks. AHA. 2013.
Guidelines for Preventing Workplace Violence for Healthcare and Social Service Workers. U.S. Department of Labor, OSHA. 2016.
Hospital and Healthcare Facilities: Security Awareness for Soft Targets and Crowded Places. U.S. DHS, CISA, Washington, D.C. 2020.
Strategies for Healthcare Workplace Violence Prevention: Risk Assessment and De-Escalation. ASPR TRACIE. 2022.
Threat Assessment Strategies to Mitigate Violence in Healthcare.
Violence in a Place of Healing: Weapons-Based Attacks in Health Care Facilities. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management (1-37). M.C. Huffman & M.A. Amman. 2022.
Workplace Violence Training and Prevention in Hospital-Based Healthcare: Implications for Nursing and the Interdisciplinary Team in the Hospital. IAHSS. 2022.
Restraining Orders in Healthcare: Effective, Ineffective or Dangerous? . Ryan & Martin. 2015. (Includes a Restraining Order Worksheet).
Healthcare Threat Management: What’s Different & Why. Ryan. 2017.
Fact Sheet: Strengthening the Health Care Workforce. AHA. 2021.
Firearm Violence: A Public Health Crisis in America. Office of the U.S. Surgeon General. 2024.
Updated IAHSS Industry guideline, 01.09.03 Threat Management. IAHSS. 2024.
Lessons of the Boom: A Playbook for Crisis Centers to Prevent, Survive, and Respond to Active Assailants, Targeted Violence, and Mass Violence. Rozel, J. et al. 2024.
Impact of Behavior-Based Virtual Training on Active Shooter Incident Preparedness in Healthcare Facilities. Liu et al. 2025.

Violence in the Federal Workplace: A Guide for Prevention and Response. CISA. 2019.
Indicators of Workplace Violence, 2019. DoJ 2022.
Workplace Violence (multiple resources). OSHA.
Pandemic-Related Workplace Violence and Its Impact on Public Health Officials, March 2020‒January 2021. Ward et al. 2022
Experiences of violence and harassment at work: A global first survey. ILO. 2022.
Domestic Violence Resource Network Organizations Descriptions | The Administration for Children and Families .
Domestic Violence Support | National Domestic Violence Hotline .
Resources by State on Violence Against Women.
Domestic Violence and Strangulation . Alliance For Hope.
Training Institute on Strangulation Prevention (multiple resources).
RAINN (Rape Abuse & Incest National Network).
End Violence Against Women International Resource Library.
Insider Threat Toolkit . DCSA. 2023.
Fact Sheet: Workplace Violence and Intimidation, and the Need for a Federal Legislative Response. AHA. 2023.
National Insider Threat Task Force (NITTF) - multiple resources. ODNI.
Publicly Humiliating Events: A Precursor to Workplace Violence?. Gibson, K., et at. 2024.
Technology-Facilitated Violence. Simpson, E. Community Oriented Policing Services. 2024.

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